PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUG: Physical Form

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUG AND THEIR EFFECT ON FORMULATION, STABILITY & BIOAVAILABILITY:

1.      Physical form:
Generally:
·         Solid
·         Liquid
·         Gas
Solid:
·         Tablet, Capsule & powder etc.
·         Formulation:
o   Easy for prepare formulation compare to other
§  By direct compression
§  Wet granulation
o   Patient compliance
o   Dose uniformity
o   Easy to handle
o   Packing easily
·         Stability:
o   High stability compare to other
o   None or less microbial growth
o   Not require critical storage condition
o   Less chances of breakage and loss of dosage form
·         Bioavailability:
o   Less compare to other
o   Because three step involve
§  Disintegration
§  Dissolution
§  Absorption
o   Improve by various techniques, size reduction, addition of disintegrating agent
Liquid:
·         Suspension, emulsion, syrup, Injection etc.
·         Formulation:
o   Hard to prepare compare to solid dosage form
o   Non-uniformity in dosage form
o   Miscibility problem
§  Oil phase / Aqueous phase
o   Mixing problems
o   Non patient compliance
o   Hard to handle and transportation
·         Stability:
o   Less stable compare to solid
o   Chances of microbial growth, preservative must be added to prevent this
o   Liquid phase have higher chances of microbial contamination.
o   Sugar syrup prevents microbial growth and overcome bitter taste of drug, that’s why used in many liquid formulations.
·         Bioavailability:
o   Good bioavailability
o   Quick response of drug, Bcz
§  Disintegration not perform in liquid dosage form
o   Improve by various techniques, size reduction

Gas:
·         Aerosol, Foam
·         Formulation:
o   Very hard to formulate
o   Formulation by compressed gas
o   Handling problems
o   Packing problems
o   Pressurized and convert into liquid form to prepare
o   Special techniques used for the preparation
·         Stability:
o   Least stable
o   Convert in liquid by compression to improve its stability
·         Bioavailability:
o   Best bioavailable, Bcz
§  Direct absorption occurs
§  From mucous membrane of nose or buccal cavity
o   Quick action compare to solid and liquid
Improve by size reduction

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