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4. Preparing the research design:

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                         The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the researcher will be required to prepare a research design, i.e., he will have to state the conceptual structure within which research would be conducted. The preparation of such a design facilitates research to be as efficient as possible yielding maximal information.                          In other words, the function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. But how all these can be achieved depends mainly on the research purpose.                          R...
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Practical: Determination of Angle of repose, Carre's Index & Hausner ratio of given powder

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Aim:  Determination of Angle of repose, Carre's Index & Hausner ratio of given powder Reference: L. Lachman CVS Subramanyam Requirements: Apparatus:  Funnel, beaker, measuring cylinder, funnel holding stand Chemicals:  Lactose, Na. carbonate, Boric acid Theory topics: Angle of Repose: Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Fig: Methods of angle of repose Carr’s consolidation Index (CI) Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Hausner’s Ratio: Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Procedure: Angle of repose: Weighed amt. of powder was taken (lactose-5gm, na. bicarbonate-10gm, Boric acid-10gm) Weighed p...
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PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING

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Introduction: It is binding of drug to plasma protein in blood component.  Binding of drugs to plasma proteins is reversible.  Various plasma protein to which drug binds includes Albumin, α1-Acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), lipoprotein, globulins, etc.  Order of binding of drugs to various plasma proteins:  Albumin > α1-Acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) > Lipoproteins > Globulins Such bound drug is both pharmacokinetically as well as pharmacodynamically inert i.e. a protein bound drug is neither metabolized nor excreted nor it  is pharmacologically active.  A bound drug is also restricted since it remains confined to a particular tissue for which it has greater affinity. Moreover, such bound drug because of its enormous size cannot undergo membrane transport & thus its half life is increased.  However this binding is rapidly reversible and non-specific – that is many drugs may bind to the same protein. Drug–plasma protein bindi...
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