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Nano-Technology: An Overview

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HISTORY Prof. Paul Ehrlich gave the concept of “magic bullet” for drug targeting. Prof. Peter Paul Speiser and his co-workers developed first nanoparticles for drug delivery purpose and for vaccines in the late 1960s. NANOTECHNOLOGY Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometer scale.(The Royal Society Report, July 2004) It is a multi-disciplinary subject involving the use of physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. There are two fundamentally different approaches to nanotechnology: “Top-down” is the production of nanoscale structures by taking a bulk material and forming it into a desired structure. “Bottom-up” refers to building organic and inorganic structures atom by atom or molecule by molecule. NANOPARTICLES Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles consisting of macromolecular substances that vary in size f...
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Introduction of Latin to English, weights and measures in dispensing pharmacy

Definition: It is defined as supply of medicine to individual patients according to the prescription written by registered medical practitioner. General dispensing procedure: o    Give the prescription. o    Check out dose and direction of dispensing. o    Dispense the medicine. o    Take a medicine into a container. o    Fix the label onto the container. o    Supply the container to the patient with conditions associated with medicine. Introduction of latin to english translation Latin Terms and Abbreviations Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Quantum q.s.   As much Sufficiat as is sufficient sufficit  as is sufficient Sufficientem q.s. As ...
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PATIENT RELATED FACTORS AFFECTING ON DRUG ABSORPTION

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Physiologic Factors Related to Drug Absorption:   The systemic absorption of a drug is dependent on   The physicochemical properties of the drug,   The nature of the drug product, and   The anatomy and physiology of the drug absorption site.  1. Membrane Physiology A. Nature of Cell Membrane  The fluid mosaic model, proposed by , explains the transcellular diffusion of polar molecules.   According to this model, the cell membrane consists of globular proteins embedded in a dynamic fluid, lipid bilayer matrix. These proteins provide a pathway for the selective transfer of certain polar molecules and charged ions through the lipid barrier.  As shown in , transmembrane proteins are interdispersed throughout the membrane. Two types of pores of about 10 nm and 50 to 70 nma were inferred to be present in membranes based on capillary membrane transport studies. These small pores provide a channel through which water, ions, and dissol...
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PLANT LAYOUT FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT & MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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PLANT LAYOUT  FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENT CONDITION FOR CAPSULE FILLING AREA Humidity:          Not more than 35% RH Temperature:    Not more than 25% Area of each room, position of equipments, washing, drying, and sanitary facilities must be in accordance with GMP. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: CHEMCAPS Limited is an India based young and dynamic organization engaged in the manufacture and export of 'empty hard gelatin capsules' under the brand name of 'Chemlock' for discerning customers around the globe. COMPOSITION                                     Gelatin                                     Water                       ...
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