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TYPE OF DENTIFRICES

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TYPE OF DENTIFRICES 1.       Pastes form – Tooth paste 2.       Powder form – Tooth powder 3.       Solid blocks 4.       liquids TOOTH PASTES Tooth pastes are preferred over other dental preparations because of following reasons. ·          Easy to take and spread on the tooth brush ·          No spillage or wastage ·          Attractive consistency ·          Proper distribution in mouth ·          Available in wide varieties ·          A good tooth paste should have following characteristics It must clean the dental surface without any scratches. Consistency should be such that o    it can be easily squeezed out from the tube & o    to spread on the brush, but should not penetrate into the brush & Consistency should be remain constant in wide range of temperature during shelf life. It should be non toxic and should not sensitize buccal membrane. It should not interact with the container material.
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FORMULATION OF DENTIFRICES

Commonly used ingredients in formulation are ·          Abrasive and polishing materials ·          Detergents and foaming materials ·          Humectants ·          Binding agents ·          Sweetening materials ·          Flavors ·          Preservatives ·          Miscellaneous Abrasive and polishing materials These materials are also called as cleansing materials. Abrasives are responsible for removing food particles lodged in the teeth, removes stains from teeth & to polish enamel. ·          Calcium carbonate ·          Tricalcium phosphate ·          Dicalcium phosphate ·          Aluminum phosphate ·          Magnesium trisilicate ·          Hydrated alumina (Al2O3.3H2O) ·          Calcium phosphate Detergents and foaming materials Detergent and foaming material in toothpastes are used for their cleansing action. These materials lower the surface tension, thereby promote penetration of paste and help in remova
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Introduction: Dental Product & Classification

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THE TEETH AND COMMON PROBLEMS ·          Teeth consist of three distinct part crown, root & neck. ·          Outer surface of the crown of the teeth is known as enamel. ·          Beneath the enamel lies another layer called dentine. ·          The root is protected by thin layer Known as cementum. PROBLEMS OF THE TEETH ·          Acquired pellicle ·          Plaque ·          Calculus (tartar) ·          Food Debries & material Alba ·          Dental carries ·          Periodontal Disease Classification depending on Dental Problems. Products for carries control. Systemic fluoride Topical fluoride Dentifrices Gel Rinses Miscellaneous Products for plaque control. Chemical agents Dentifrices Mouth washes Mechanical products Tooth brushes Dental floss     Products for tooth surface hypersensitivity. Topical anesthetic. Halitosis
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Classification of Cosmetics & Ingredients used in formulation

CLASSIFICATION: ·      Cosmetics are classified under two groups. o    Group-1.According to their physical nature. o    Group-2.According to the part of the body on which they are used. Group-1 further divided as follows: ·          Aerosols : e.g. Perfume, Hair set etc. ·          Emulsion : e.g. Cold cream, Vanishing cream, Cleansing Cream ·          Jellies : Hand jelly, Brilliantine jelly etc. ·          Mucilages : e.g. Hand lotion etc. ·          Oils : e.g. Hair oils etc. ·          Paste : e.g. Tooth paste, Deodorant paste etc. ·          Powders : e.g. Face powder, Tooth powder, Talcum powder ·          Solution : e.g. Shampoos, After shave lotion etc. ·          Sticks : e.g. Lipsticks, Deodorant sticks etc. ·          Suspension : e.g. Lotion etc INGREDIENTS OF COSMETICS 1.    Water: Stability and quality of final product is dependant on the purity of water 2.    Oils, Fats, Waxes: Fat Source Mineral source mineral oil
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PLANT LAYOUT FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT & MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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PLANT LAYOUT  FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENT CONDITION FOR CAPSULE FILLING AREA Humidity:          Not more than 35% RH Temperature:    Not more than 25% Area of each room, position of equipments, washing, drying, and sanitary facilities must be in accordance with GMP. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: CHEMCAPS Limited is an India based young and dynamic organization engaged in the manufacture and export of 'empty hard gelatin capsules' under the brand name of 'Chemlock' for discerning customers around the globe. COMPOSITION                                     Gelatin                                     Water                                     Colorants                                     Opecifier (TiO2 Dyes and Other)                                     Preservative MANUFACTURING OF HGC SHELL: SFR-901 FULLY AUTOMATIC CAPSULE MACHINE: FEATURES OF SFR-901 Ø   The Safrroys SFR-901 mod
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ANTIOXIDANTS: In Pharmaceutical Formulation

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Introduction: Chemically they are reducing agents. They oxidize themselves and prevent oxidation of API. A substance that inhibits oxidation is called antioxidants. The effectiveness of antioxidant can depend on the concentration used and pH of solution. Examples:  Ascorbic acid,  butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA),  butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. The following are some of the qualities of an ideal anti-oxidant: It should be readily soluble or dispersible in the medium. It should be effective in low concentration. It should be non-toxic. It should be non-irrita
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3. Development of working hypothesis:

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After extensive literature survey, researcher should state in clear terms the working hypothesis or hypotheses. Working hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. As such the manner in which research hypotheses are developed is particularly important since they provide the focal point for research. They also affect the manner in which tests must be conducted in the analysis of data and indirectly the quality of data which is required for the analysis. In most types of research, the development of working hypothesis plays an important role. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track. It sharpens his thinking and focuses attention on the more important facets of the problem. It also indicates the type of data required
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