TYPE OF DENTIFRICES

TYPE OF DENTIFRICES
  • 1.      Pastes form – Tooth paste
  • 2.      Powder form – Tooth powder
  • 3.      Solid blocks
  • 4.      liquids

TOOTH PASTES
Tooth pastes are preferred over other dental preparations because of following reasons.
  • ·         Easy to take and spread on the tooth brush
  • ·         No spillage or wastage
  • ·         Attractive consistency
  • ·         Proper distribution in mouth
  • ·         Available in wide varieties
  • ·         A good tooth paste should have following characteristics

  • It must clean the dental surface without any scratches.
  • Consistency should be such that
o   it can be easily squeezed out from the tube &
o   to spread on the brush, but should not penetrate into the brush &
  • Consistency should be remain constant in wide range of temperature during shelf life.
  • It should be non toxic and should not sensitize buccal membrane.
  • It should not interact with the container material.
  • It should have pleasant taste and odour.
  • It should have good appearance.

Formulation:
Method: - 1


Method: - 2



TOOTH POWDERS
Tooth powders are oldest and simplest preparations. Over the years their market share has been reduced due to popularity of pastes
The main problems encountered with powders are-
·         Floating of powder in air during manufacturing.
·         Formation of cake on storage
·         Uneven distribution in mouth  
Composition:
Tooth powders contain the following ingredients-
  • Abrasives
  • Surfactants or detergents
  • Sweetening agents
  • Flavours
  • Colours
  • Abrasives are used in manufacturing of tooth powders are similar to that of tooth pastes. Though lighter calcium carbonate is used in tooth paste but in tooth powders heavier grade calcium carbonate is used.
  • No contain lubricant, binder, humectant
General procedure for manufacture             
  • This is done by simple mixing
  • First ingredients of small quantity are premixed and then mixed with other ingredients.
  • Ribbon type or agitator type of mixer are used.
  • Flavour can be sprayed on to the bulk or can be premixed with part of some abrasive.
EVALUATION
Special evaluation tests are as follows
  • ·         Abrasiveness
  • ·         Particle size
  • ·         Cleansing property
  • ·         Consistency
  • ·         PH of the product
  • ·         Foaming character
  • ·         Limit test for arsenic and lead
  • ·         Volatile matters and moisture
  • ·         Effect of special ingredients

SOLID BLOCKS
Solid dentifrice is like a soap preparation.
Basically they consist tooth powder suspended in a base of soap powder, water and humectant.

FORMULATION:

LIQUID DENTAL PREPARATIONS
They are basically aqueous or hydroalcoholic solutions of surfactants with additional components like
  • ·         Thickening agent
  • ·         Sweeteners
  • ·         Flavours etc.

They do not contain any abrasive as they will sediment
Action of this preparation on dental surface is less but the cleansing effect is more.

MOUTHWASHES:
Definition “mouthwashes are mainly alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions as they are used in oral cavity, which may be suitably diluted if necessary.
Mouthwashes are available as solid, powder, or concentrated products which are to be dissolved or diluted with water before using as mouthwash.
The main function of dentifrice is cleansing whereas mouthwashes are deodorants and antiseptics.
A good mouthwash should have following characters.
  • ·         Good and quick antiseptic action at the dilution it is used.
  • ·         Attractive flavour to impart an odour to the mouth.
  • ·         Sweet taste
  • ·         Not much expensive.
  • ·         Nontoxic and nonirritant to mouth and mucus membrane.

Types of the mouthwashes
  • Non-medicated
  • Medicated
Composition
The important component of mouthwash preparations are –
  • ·         Antiseptic or antibacterial substances
  • ·         Astringents
  • ·         Deodorizing agents
  • ·         Drug extract
  • ·         Flavours
  • ·         Surfactants
  • ·         Sweeteners
  • ·         Colour
  • ·         Vehicle

Antiseptic substances
·         Phenol and its derivatives
o   Phenol (0.1-1 %)
o   Β-Phenol (0.3 -0.5 %)
o   Thymol (0.1 %)
o   Chloro thymol (0.05 -0.1%)
o   Hexachlorophene (0.02 -0.2 %)
o   Hexyl resorcinol (0.05 – 0.1 %)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • Cetyl pyrimidinium chloride
    • Quaternary morpholinium
    • Alkyl sulphate etc.
  • Miscellaneous
    • Chlorhexidine
    • Formalin
    • Boric acid (2-4 %)
    • Benzoic acid (1-2%)
    • Sodium perborate and Urea peroxide etc

Newer approaches:

A.    Microemulsion technique in Tooth paste formulation
·         Example:- Close-up lemon mint Tooth paste
·         This product is formulated in form of micro emulsion.
·         It contains small green colored dispersed globules in semisolid base.
·         These globules contains lemon mint as flavor in entrapped globules.

B. Use of xylitol in dental care preparations.
•      Xylitol looks and tastes like sugar but has one third fewer calories.
  • The most beneficial aspect of Xylitol is its effect on dental health.
•      Bacteria can not utilize Xylitol, although they try to. Consequently, their growth is stopped - protecting you from cavities, bad breath, and gum disease.

Disadvantages:
  • Xylitol is much more expensive than the normal ingredients included in other toothpastes.
 C. Ap -24® breath spray
  • Just few spray create a clean just brush sensation anytime you need also protection against plaque.
  • With its tasty vanilla mint flavour Ap -24® anti-plaque breath spray was design to keep your mouth feeling fresh throughout the day
  • Ap -24® is patented plaque fighting ingredient.

D. CHEWING GUM & LOZENGES
·         For example
·         Happydent chewing gum & lozenges to provide germicidal effect and        protects teeth from bacteria or germs.
·         Contain xylitol as sweetening agent in chewing gum base

Reference:
·         Ecyclopedia of pharmaceutical sciences Vol.3, page no. 435-454.
·         Hand book of cosmetics by Mitthal, page no. 199-223.
·         Cosmetics – Formulations, manufacturing & quality control P.P.Sharma, page no. 502 -530
·         Pharmaceutical – II, by G.K.Jani, page no. 250-259
·         www.dentist_net.htm
·         www.brightsmile.htm


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