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CLEARANCE

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CLEARANCE :- Ø   Clearance is the most important parameter in clinical drug applications and is useful in evaluating the mechanism by which a drug is eliminated by the whole organism or by a particular organ. Ø   Clearance is a parameter that relates plasma drug concentration with rate of drug elimination according to following equation:       Clearance = Rate of Elimination             -------15                            Plasma drug concentration                                                   Or Cl = (dx/...

APPARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION

APPARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION:- Ø   Apparent volume of distribution and clearance are two separate and independent pharmacokinetic characteristics of a drug. Since they are closely related with physiologic mechanisms in the body, they are called as primary parameters.         V d =     Amount of drug in the body    =     X ------ 12                        Plasma drug concentration          C Ø   V d is a measure of the extent of distribution of drug and is expressed in litres. The best and simplest way of estimating V d of a drug is administering it by rapid IV injection and using following equation:         V d =    Xo / Co = iv bolus dose / Co  ------13 Ø   Equation 13 can only b...

ELIMINATION RATE CONSTANT

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Ø   For a drug that follows one compartment kinetics and administered as rapid IV injection, the decline in plasma drug concentration is only due to elimination of drug from the body, the phase being called as elimination phase. Ø   Elimination phase can be characterized by three parameters o    Elimination rate constant, o    Elimination half-life o    Clearance. Integration of equation 3 yields ln X = ln X o - K E t                                                                                ------ 4 Where, X o = amount of drug at...

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