Introduction of Latin to English, weights and measures in dispensing pharmacy

Definition: It is defined as supply of medicine to individual patients according to the prescription written by registered medical practitioner.

General dispensing procedure:

o   Give the prescription.

o   Check out dose and direction of dispensing.

o   Dispense the medicine.

o   Take a medicine into a container.

o   Fix the label onto the container.

o   Supply the container to the patient with conditions associated with medicine.

Introduction of latin to english translation

Latin Terms and Abbreviations

Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Quantum q.s.   As much Sufficiat as is sufficient sufficit  as is sufficient Sufficientem q.s. As much as sufficient Ad Up to, sufficient to produce Ana aa, aa Of each aequales pt. aeq Equal parts

Remedies Latin Name Abbreviation English Name Auristillae Auristill Ear drops Capsula caps. A capsule Capsula caps. - Amylacea Amylac A cachet Cataplasma  Cataplasm A poultice Cereolus Cereol An urethral bougie Charta chart A powder Collunarium Collun A nose wash Collutorium Collut A mouth wash Collyrium Collyr An eye lotion Cremor crem A cream Emplastrum Emp A plaster Emulsio Emul An emulsion Enema - An enema Gargarisma Garg A gargle Gelatina Gelat A jelly Guttae Gtt Drops  Haustus Ht A draught Inhalatio inhal An inhalation  Injectio Inj An injection Insufflatio Insuff An insufflation Linctus  Linct A linctus Linimentum Lin A liniment Liquor Liq A solution Lotio Lot A lotion Mistura m., mist A mixture Naristillae Narist Nasal drops Nebula Neb A spray solution Oblatum Oblat A cachet Oculentum oculent An eye ointment Pasta  Past A paste Pastillus Pastill A pastille Pessus  Pess A pessary Pigmentum Pigm A paint  Pilula pil A pill Pulvis  Pulv A powder Pulvis  Pulv A dusting Conspersus - powder Solvellae Solv Solution tablets Sternutamentum Sternut A snuff Suppositorium Suppose A suppository  Tabella Tab A tablet Trochiscus Troch A lozenge Unguentum Ung An ointment Vapor  Vap An inhalation  Instructions Relating To Preparation Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Adde, Addatur Add Add. Let (it) be added Calefac, Calefiat Calef Warm. Let (it) be warmed Divide, Dividatur Div Divide. Let (it) be divided Dividatur i. div. in pt  Divide into equal parts  Fiat Ft Let (it) be made Fiant Ft Let (them) be made Misce, Misceatur m Mix.Let (it) be mixed Misce fiat mistura m.ft.m Mix to make a mixture Artem m.s.a Mix pharmaceutically (According to art) Solve - Dissolve  Quantity To Be Sent and Manner of Sending Term or Phrase  Abbreviation Meaning Duplum Duplum Twice the quantity In phiala -  In a bottle Mitte Mitt Send Agitata  p.p.a The bottle being first shaken(attach, shake the bottle label) Quantitas ,Duplex qt.dx Twice the quantity Talis, Tales, Talia tal. Such  Method of Administration Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Addendus Addend   To be added Applicandus  Applicand To be applied Applicat - Let (him) apply Applicetur  Applicat Let (it) be applied Capiendus  Capiend To be taken Da d. Give Dandus dand. To be given Deglutiendus Deglut To be swallowed Infricandus infricand To be rubbed in Infricetur infric Let (it) be rubbed in Inhaletur Inhal Let(it) be inhaled Instillandus Instilland To be dropped in Miscendus  Miscend To be mixed Signa sig. Label Sugendus  sugend To be sucked Sumendus s. or sum. To be taken Ut antea  u.a. As before  Dosage Ad libitum ad.lib. As much as you please Dimidium dimid Half. The half Dosis dos. A dose Guttatim guttatim Drop by drop Mensura mens. By measure Pro Pro For. On behalf of Pro dosi - As a dose Reliquum reliq. The remainder  Time of Administration 1-     Times Per Day Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Semel in die. sem. In die Once a day Semel die  sem. die Bis in die. b.i.d Twice a day Bis die b.d Ter in die.  t.i.d Thrice a day   Ter die  t.d. Quarter in die. q.i.d Four times a day Quarter die q.d. Sexies in die. sex. In d. Six times a day Sexies die sex.d. Vel  - OR Bis terve in die b.t.i.d Two or three times a day Ter quaterve die  t.q.d Three or four times a day Quotidie quot Daily Ter quotidie Vices vic. Time, times  2-     Parts of The Day Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Prima luce   prim. luc Early in the morning Primo mane  prim. m Early in the morning Mane  m. In the morning Omni mane  o.m. Every morning Jentaculum  jentac Breakfast Meridie - Noon Prandium Prand Dinner Vespere vesp. In the evening Nocte n. At night Inter noctem inter. noct During the night  Omni nocte o.n. Every night Hora decubitus  h.d. At bedtime Hora somni  h.s. At bed time Nocte et mane  n. et m. Night and morning Nocte maneque  n.m. Night and morning Hac nocte hac noct. To night Cras vespere cras vesp. Tomorrow evening Mane sequenti m.seq. The following morning  3-     Parts of The Week Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Hodie - Today Cras - Tomorrow Hebdomada Hebdom A week Ter in hebdomada t. in hebdom Three times a week 4-     ‘Hour’ time Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Omni hora.  ,Quaque hora  o.h. qq.h. Every hour Omni quarta hora o.q.h Every fourth hour Quaque quarta hora qq.q.h Every fourth hour Singulis horis sing. hor.  Every hour  Secundis horis  sec. hor Every two hours    Alternis horis   alt. hor Every two hours Tertiis horis  tert. hor Every three hours Quartis horis  quart. hor Every four hours 5- Correlated Time Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Anti cibos. a.c. Before meals, Ante cibum  - Before food Post cibos.  p.c. After meals, Post cibum  i.c. After food Inter cibos  - Between meals, Inter cibum  -  Between food  6-Other Terms Term or Phrase  Abbreviation Meaning Dolore urgente dol. urg. When the pain is severe Frequenter freq. Frequently Lente  - Slowly More dicto  m.d. As directed Modo dicto m.d As directed Pro re nata  p.r.n Occasionally Qouties opus sit   quot.o.s As often as necessary Saepe  - Often Si dolor urgeat  si dol. urg If the pain is severe Si opus sit  Sos When required ,whennecessary Statim Stat Immediately At once Tussi urgente  tuss.urg If the cough is troublesome  Vehicle of Administration or Means of Application Term or Phrase  Abbreviation Meaning Cum c. With Cum duplo   c.dup. With twice as much Cum parte aequale c.pt.aeq With an equal quantity Cum penicillo c. pen With a camel hair brush Cum tanto c. tant With as much  Cyathus  Cyath A glass Cyathus amplus cyath. amp A tumbler Cyathus magnus  cyath. mag A tumbler Cyathus vinosus cyath. vin A wineglass E lacte  e lact With milk Ex aqua ex aq. With water Ex aquae  ex aq. semi With half a tumblerful semicyatho magno cyath.mag of water Ligamentum Ligament Bandage Ope penicillin ope pen By means of a camel hair brush Paullum Paul A little Pauxillum Paux A little Poculus Poc A cup  Super gossypium  sup. gossip Upon cotton wool Super linteum sup. lint Upon lint Part of The Body To Which To Be Applied 1- General Terms Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Dexter dext. Right Dolente parti  ,Dolentibus dolent.part To the afflicted part partibus dolent.part To the afflicted part Laevus Laev Left Parti affectae  p.a. To the affected part  Parti affectae p.a.a. To be applied to the applicandus - affected part Partibus affectis p.a. To the affected parts Sinister Sinist Left 2- Terms Relating To The Body Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Brachio Brach To the arm Capiti  Capiti To the head Corpori corp To the body Pectori Pect To the chest Sterno Stern To the chest Thoraci  Thorac To the chest  3- Terms Relating To The Head Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Auri  auri To the ear, for the ear Auribus Auribus To the ears, for the ears Gutturi gutt. To the throat In aurem sinistram  in aur.sinist Into the left ear In oculun dextrum in ocul.dext Into the right eye In singulas aures  in. sing.aur Into each ear Jugulo Jug To the throat Naso - To the nose Oculis Ocul For the eyes  Oculo  Ocul To the eye ,For the eye Pro capillis  pro capill For the hair Pro oculis  pro ocul For the eyes Pro oculo laevo pro ocul laev For the left eye Pro singulis oculis pro sing.ocul For each eye

Weight: It is a measure of gravitational force on the body and it is directly proportional to mass.

Measure: It is a measurement of volume of any substances.

System of weights and measures:

There are two systems:

• Imperial system
• Metric system.

Imperial system:

It is old system of weight and measures based on arbitrary and unrelated units like grains, drachms, ounces, gallons.

Measurement of weight in imperial system	Measurement of capacity in imperial system
a)     Avordupois: In this system pound is the standard unit for weight therefore all measures of weight are derived from pound “lb” 1 lb = 16 oz 1 lb = 7000 gr 1 oz = 437.5 gr b)     Aporthecaries: In this system grain is the standard unit for weight therefore all measures of weight are derived from grain “gr” 20 grain = 1 scruple 60 grain = 1 drachm	1 gallon = 160 fl oz ¼ gallon = 40 fl oz = 1 quart 1/8 gallon = 1 pint 1/160 gallon = 1 fl oz 1 fl dr = 60 minim

  Metric system: It is used in Indian Pharmacopeia.

Measurement of weight in Metric system	Measurement of capacity in Metric system
1 kg = 1000 g 1 hectogram = 100 gm 1 decagram = 10 gm 1 gm = 1000 mg	1 liter = 1000 mL

 Inter conversion of imperial and metric units:

1 grain = 64.8 mg

1 gram = 15.43 gr

1 kg = 2.2 lb

1 drop = 0.06 mL = 1 minim

1 fl oz = 30 mL

500 mL = 1 pt

1 liter = 33.1 fl oz

1 fl dr = 4 mL

Domestic measurement:

1 teaspoonful = 1 fl dr = 4 mL

1 desertspoonful = 2 fl dr = 8 mL

1 Tablespoonfull = 16 mL

1 wineglass = 60 mL

1 cupfull = 120 mL

1 tumbelerful = 240 mL