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Dissolution Apparatus: Apparatus 1 & 2

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Apparatus: 1  (Basket apparatus) The assembly consists of the following a covered vessel made up of glass, or other transparent material, a cylindrical basket. The vessel is partially immersed in a suitable water bath of any convenient size that permits holding the temp. Inside the vessel at 37 +- during the test and keeping the bath fluid in constant smooth motion. No part of the assembly including the environment in the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to the smoothly rotating stirring element apparatus that permits observation of rotating stirring element. Apparatus that permits observation of the specimen & stirring element during the test is preferable. The vessel is cylindrical, with a hemispherical bottom, it is 160 – 175 mm high, it’s inside diameter is 98-106 mm, and its nominal capacity is 1000 ml .a fitting cover may be used to retard evaporation. The shaft is positioned so that its axis not more than...
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PLANT LAYOUT FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT & MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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PLANT LAYOUT  FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENT CONDITION FOR CAPSULE FILLING AREA Humidity:          Not more than 35% RH Temperature:    Not more than 25% Area of each room, position of equipments, washing, drying, and sanitary facilities must be in accordance with GMP. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: CHEMCAPS Limited is an India based young and dynamic organization engaged in the manufacture and export of 'empty hard gelatin capsules' under the brand name of 'Chemlock' for discerning customers around the globe. COMPOSITION                                     Gelatin                                     Water                       ...
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Practical: Determination of Angle of repose, Carre's Index & Hausner ratio of given powder

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Aim:  Determination of Angle of repose, Carre's Index & Hausner ratio of given powder Reference: L. Lachman CVS Subramanyam Requirements: Apparatus:  Funnel, beaker, measuring cylinder, funnel holding stand Chemicals:  Lactose, Na. carbonate, Boric acid Theory topics: Angle of Repose: Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Fig: Methods of angle of repose Carr’s consolidation Index (CI) Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Hausner’s Ratio: Introduction, Definition, Equation, Description, various methods of determination, factors affect, Pharmacopoeia specification, effect on flow property Procedure: Angle of repose: Weighed amt. of powder was taken (lactose-5gm, na. bicarbonate-10gm, Boric acid-10gm) Weighed p...
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ANTIOXIDANTS: In Pharmaceutical Formulation

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Introduction: Chemically they are reducing agents. They oxidize themselves and prevent oxidation of API. A substance that inhibits oxidation is called antioxidants. The effectiveness of antioxidant can depend on the concentration used and pH of solution. Examples:  Ascorbic acid,  butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA),  butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. The following are some of the qualities of an ideal anti-oxidant: It should be readily soluble or dispersible in the medium. It should be effective in low concentration. It should...
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