PHARMACEUTICAL LIQUID PRODUCTS: CLASSIFICATION


Introduction:

·         Most convenient to children and infants.

·         Prepared by dissolving API in aqueous or non-aqueous solvent, by suspending the drug or by incorporating drug into one of two phase.

Advantages:

·         Drug rapidly available for dissolution

·         Suitable for children, infants, geriatric and mental patient

·         For drug which produce irritation in dry form

·         Uniformity of dosage form in homogeneous solution.

·         Unpalatable drug given with flavour and mask its taste

·         Hygroscopic and deliquescent medicament not dispense in solid form so they can be formulate in liquid dosage form.

·         Color and flavour produced beneficial psychological effect on patient.

Disadvantaged:

·         Inconvenient to carry, storage and transport.

·         Stability of medicament poor as compare to solid, due to susceptibility of hydrolysis and microbial growth.

·         Incompatible drug  cannot be given

·         Every time accurate dose not taken by the patient.

·         In case of accidental breakage loss of whole product.

·         Suspension and emulsion have many problems




Liquid Preparation Classification

·         Monophasic

o   Oral use: Solution, Syrup, Elixirs, Mixtures Draught, Drop, Linctuses, Tincture, Spirit

o   External use: Liniments, collodion, Lotion

o   Parenteral Use:

o   Special use:

§  Oral cavity: Gargles, Mouth washes, Throat Paints, Glycerites, Throat spray

§  Other than oral cavity: Douches, Enemas, Ear drops, Nasal drops, Nasal spray, inhalations

·         Biphasic:

o   Liquid in Liquid:

§  Oral & Parenteral: Emulsion

§  External: Applications, Lotion, Liniment, Enema

o   solid in liquid:

§  Oral: Mixture with diffusible solids, Mixture with indiffusible solid, precipitates forming mixture

§  External: Applications, Lotion, Enemas, Inhalations, Aerosols
§  Ophthalmic and Parenteral: Eye drop and Eye lotion.



Reference: Pharmaceutics-2, Dr. G.K.Jani, B.S.Shah Prakashan

Comments

  1. Rajesh KumarMay 7, 2024 at 1:41 PM

    Pharmaceutics-I (Theory and Practical)
    It gives us great delight and Pleasure to present to pharmacy students our book entitled “Pharmaceutics-I Theory and Practical “. Writing a book is inspiring, often exciting, and sometimes very challenging work.
    Pharmaceutics plays a vital role in formulation development and evaluation of various dosage forms. This book will mainly guide students to get knowledge about origin and scope of pharmacy, various pharmacopoeias, prescription and drug incompatibilities, conventional dosage forms, pharmaceutical calculation and basics of Pharmaceutics. All the contents are discussed in detail and suitable examples are explained whenever required.
    The intention of this book is mainly to emphasis the importance of formulation and the approach is essentially to focus on specific dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and liquids.
    We hope you will find the book a useful source of information whether you are pre- graduate, post-graduate, or just interested in pharmaceutical formulation and the development of medicines.
    Pharmaceutics-I (Theory and Practical)

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