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PHARMACEUTICAL LIQUID PRODUCTS: CLASSIFICATION

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Introduction: ·          Most convenient to children and infants. ·          Prepared by dissolving API in aqueous or non-aqueous solvent, by suspending the drug or by incorporating drug into one of two phase. Advantages: ·          Drug rapidly available for dissolution ·          Suitable for children, infants, geriatric and mental patient ·          For drug which produce irritation in dry form ·          Uniformity of dosage form in homogeneous solution. ·          Unpalatable drug given with flavour and mask its taste ·          Hygroscopic and deliquescent medicament not dispense in solid form so they can be formulate in liquid dosage f...
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THE PRESCRIPTION

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Definition: ·          A prescription is a written order from a doctor, physician or some other registered medical practitioner, to a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medicine, dressing or surgical appliance for the patient. ·          Prescription provide information to the pharmacist and patient to, o    What to be prepared and how much prepared. o    Time for medicine taken, How much medicine taken for patient Parts of Prescription: ·          Date o    Help to find out old case patient. o    Help to find out misuse of prescription §   In case of narcotic and psychotic drugs ·          Name, age, sex and address of patient. o    Help pharmacist to identify patient and avoid misuse o    Age require for check dose related...
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BRACKETING AND MATRIXING DESIGNS (Q1D)

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·          To reduce the total number of samples to be tested, the ICH guidelines introduced the concept of bracketing and matrixing. ·          BRACKETING ·          Definition : Bracketing is the design of a stability schedule such that only samples on the extremes (high level) of certain design factors (e.g., strength, container size and/or fill) are tested at all time points as in a full design. ·          The use of a bracketing design would not be considered appropriate if it cannot be demonstrated that, o    the strengths or container sizes and/or fills selected for testing are actually the extremes o    Bracketing can be applied to studies with multiple strengths where the relative amounts of drug substance and excipients change in a formulation. ·       ...
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Introduction of Latin to English, weights and measures in dispensing pharmacy

Definition: It is defined as supply of medicine to individual patients according to the prescription written by registered medical practitioner. General dispensing procedure: o    Give the prescription. o    Check out dose and direction of dispensing. o    Dispense the medicine. o    Take a medicine into a container. o    Fix the label onto the container. o    Supply the container to the patient with conditions associated with medicine. Introduction of latin to english translation Latin Terms and Abbreviations Term or Phrase Abbreviation Meaning Quantum q.s.   As much Sufficiat as is sufficient sufficit  as is sufficient Sufficientem q.s. As ...
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PATIENT RELATED FACTORS AFFECTING ON DRUG ABSORPTION

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Physiologic Factors Related to Drug Absorption:   The systemic absorption of a drug is dependent on   The physicochemical properties of the drug,   The nature of the drug product, and   The anatomy and physiology of the drug absorption site.  1. Membrane Physiology A. Nature of Cell Membrane  The fluid mosaic model, proposed by , explains the transcellular diffusion of polar molecules.   According to this model, the cell membrane consists of globular proteins embedded in a dynamic fluid, lipid bilayer matrix. These proteins provide a pathway for the selective transfer of certain polar molecules and charged ions through the lipid barrier.  As shown in , transmembrane proteins are interdispersed throughout the membrane. Two types of pores of about 10 nm and 50 to 70 nma were inferred to be present in membranes based on capillary membrane transport studies. These small pores provide a channel through which water, ions, and dissol...
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PLANT LAYOUT FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT & MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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PLANT LAYOUT  FOR CAPSULE MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENT CONDITION FOR CAPSULE FILLING AREA Humidity:          Not more than 35% RH Temperature:    Not more than 25% Area of each room, position of equipments, washing, drying, and sanitary facilities must be in accordance with GMP. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: CHEMCAPS Limited is an India based young and dynamic organization engaged in the manufacture and export of 'empty hard gelatin capsules' under the brand name of 'Chemlock' for discerning customers around the globe. COMPOSITION                                     Gelatin                                     Water                       ...
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